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Autologousnonmyeloablativehematopoieticstemcelltransplantationforneuromyelitisoptica.
ObjectiveTodetermineifautologousnonmyeloablativehematopoieticstemcelltransplantation(HSCT)couldbeasalvagetherapyforneuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisorder(NMOSD).
MethodsThirteenpatientswereenrolledinaprospectiveopen-labelcohortstudy(11NMOSDaquaporin-4–immunoglobulinG[AQP4-IgG]–positive,1NMOSDwithoutAQP4,and1NMOSDAQP4-IgG-positivewithneuropsychiatricsystemiclupuserythematosus[SLE]).Followingstemcellmobilizationwithcyclophosphamide(2g/m2)andfilgrastim,patientsweretreatedwithcyclophosphamide(mg/kg)dividedas50mg/kgIVonday?5today?2,rATG(thymoglobulin)givenIVat0.5mg/kgonday?5,1mg/kgonday?4,and1.5mg/kgondays?3,?2,and?1(totaldose6mg/kg),andrituximabmgIVondays?6and+1.Unselectedperipheralbloodstemcellswereinfusedonday0.AQP4-IgGantibodystatuswasdeterminedbyClinicalLaboratoryImprovementAmendments–validatedELISAorflowcytometryassays.Cell-killingactivitywasmeasuredusingaflowcytometry–based